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Photovoltaic power generation is the system with the principle of power generation through the photovoltaic effect occurring during the separation of electrons from their holes when the light is thrown on a solar cell to which an N(negative)-type semiconductor and a P(positive)-type semiconductor are joined together with their different natures from each other.

• A solar cell has the structure with a N-type and a P-type of semiconductors joined    together having their own natures different from each other, and the boundary of    both of such semiconductors is called as a P-N Junction.

• When the light is shed on a solar cell, the detachment of electrons(-) from their holes    (+) (photovoltaic effect) occurs allowing them to fly loose until they reach the part of    the P-N Junction. At that point, electrons(-) move to the upper part of the N-typed    semiconductor while such holes(+) move to the lower part of the P-typed one. When    a load such as a light bulb or a motor is connected to both electrodes attached to the    front and the back of the cell, an electric current flows through.

• Power connected to the existing electricity grid
• No need of any storage battery
• If the amount of electric power is more than the power consumption, electricity is    transferred to any commercial sections of the electricity grid, if such amount is    less than the power consumption in the night time or on any cloudy days, etc,    electricity is transferred back to the system from such commercial sections of    the grid for its use.
• References

• The system of stand-alone production of power and self-consumption of power    (Power in Stand Alone system)
• For the use in islands, lighthouses, remote mountainous areas, etc.
• The need of any storage battery to store the energy for the use of electricity at    night or on cloudy days, etc and any charge/discharge controller to protect    such storage battery.
• References